Health Service Categories and Careers

A-Z OF SERVICES

Obstetrics and Gynaecology is the medical speciality encompassing Obstetrics–women’s health and medicine relating to pregnancy and childbirth, and Gynaecology –health and medicine related to women and the female reproductive system. This field of medicine studies the anatomy and physiology associated with the placenta, fetus, and newborn baby, as well as the physiology related to changes and endocrinology in women’s bodies, from pre-puberty to menopause. It incorporates knowledge of genetics, pathology, haematology, microbiology, and immunology. Practice involves both medical and surgical conditions, and management of high-risk pregnancies.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology services are provided in acute/emergency and outpatient settings in hospitals and private clinics. Services involve consultations, ultrasound and radiological investigation, pharmacology and other therapies, education, and clinical management of pregnancies, childbirth and other conditions affecting women’s health.

Subspecialties include Gynaecological oncology, Maternal–foetal medicine, Obstetrics and gynaecological ultrasound, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility, and Urogynaecology.

Obstetrics and Gynaecology Jobs

Obstetrician and Gynaecologist provide consultations, diagnostic investigations, and services which help to manage medical conditions related to women’s health, including health and wellbeing during pregnancy and childbirth. Specialists can perform caesareans and are skilled at handling high-risk pregnancies. They educate women about their health and provide management, treatment and prevention services for a range of conditions which affect women, such as menstrual disorders, pelvic floor prolapse, gynaecological cancers, ectopic pregnancies and other conditions relating to reproductive health, fertility, pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal care. Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provide acute care and outpatient services in hospitals and private clinics. They undertake diagnostic investigations using pathology testing or ultrasound, provide therapeutic and ongoing management of conditions, perform surgical procedures, and coordinate follow up care. At this senior level, Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provide clinical leadership, work in multi-disciplinary teams, contribute to research, and train registrars and junior doctors. They often specialise in a subspecialty area of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. To work in this field, doctors undertake the specialist training program of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). This program comprises 4-years basic training and a further 2-years advanced training, leading to Fellowship and Specialist registration with AHPRA.

Gynaecological Oncologists diagnose and provide medical management and treatment of cancers and benign tumours relating to the female reproductive system. They perform surgery on patients with cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, endometriosis and tumours in the pelvic area. Gynaecological Oncologists have achieved subspecialist certification by completing RANZCOG Subspecialty Training, a 3-year program open to qualified Obstetricians/Gynaecologists.

Specialist in Maternal–Fetal Medicine are Obtetricians/Gynaecologists who specialise in the care of expectant mothers who are experiencing high-risk pregnancies. They provide services which involve diagnostic testing and ultrasound, genetic counselling, therapies and procedures - such as minimally invasive gynaecologic surgery, management of gestational diabetes, and other prenatal education and care. They provide clinical care (both medical and surgical), and management of deliveries for both high and low risk pregnancies. They have advanced knowledge of newborn adaptation and complications that affect the mother, fetus and neonate. They are qualified Obstetricians/Gynaecologists who have undertaken a further 3-years of RANZCOG Subspecialty Training in Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and achieved subspecialist certification.

Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynaecological Ultrasound specialise in OB GYN ultrasound, which is a type of ultrasound used to diagnose possible diseases or obstructions in a woman’s pelvic region, using soundwaves to view the fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries and pelvic organs. These specialists conduct OB GYN ultrasound screenings to visualise and take measurements of obstetric and gynaecological structures and functions. They can identify and diagnose disorders and refer patients for specialist care and treatment. They perform follow up ultrasound screenings to help understand a patient’s response to treatment, and other ultrasound guided interventional diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. These specialists are qualified Obstetricians/Gynaecologists who have undertaken a further 3-years of RANZCOG Subspecialty Training in Obstetrics and Gynaecological Ultrasound and achieved subspecialist certification.

Specialist in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility work with women who are having difficulty conceiving and who have disorders related to reproductivity. They can diagnose reproductive issues such as PCOS and infertility, and create treatment plans which involve egg freezing technology, IVF (in-vitro fertilisation), and other fertility treatments. These specialists are qualified Obstetricians/Gynaecologists who have undertaken a further 3-years of RANZCOG Subspecialty Training in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and achieved subspecialist certification.

Specialist Urogynaecologists specialise in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. They undertake investigations, diagnose, treat and provide ongoing management of pelvic floor injuries and conditions such as UTIs, incontinence, overactive bladder, pelvic pain, and pelvic organ prolapse. They administer medication and perform surgeries which help to restore pelvic muscles, connective tissue and organ function. They provide ongoing monitoring, treatment and care. These specialists are qualified Obstetricians/Gynaecologists who have undertaken a further 3-years of RANZCOG Subspecialty Training in Urogynaecology and achieved subspecialist certification.

Registrars (Obs/Gyn) are registered doctors who have completed their medical degree and pre-vocational training (internship and residency/PGY2-3). They have attained general registration with AHPRA and can now undertake specialist/or vocational training positions to broaden and refine their scope of practice and gain experience, skills and competency in their chosen area of medicine. Registrars are very important members of the integrated and multi-disciplinary health care team. They have increasing responsibility for patient care, oversee and support junior doctors and staff, participate in professional development activities and continue to receive important guidance, training, and support from senior staff. They work in a range of primary, secondary, tertiary, clinical, laboratory and acute care settings, in hospitals, private practices and community clinics. Registered doctors at this level can further their career as Hospital Doctors or Career Medical Officers or pursue a medical specialty with further training and specialist registration. To pursue a career in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Registrars can undertake RANZCOG endorsed training positions and advanced training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology and its clinical practice. They work under Obstetricians/Gynaecologists/ specialist consultants and develop procedural skills, clinical expertise, and valuable work experience in this field of medicine.

Nurses (Neonatal/Obstetrics) work in maternity departments in hospitals, including critical care units such as the Special Care Nursery (SCN) and Neonatal intensive care unit/critical care unit (NICU/NCCU). They provide family-centred and comprehensive Nursing care to patients during pregnancy, childbirth and in postnatal settings. They work in clinical, acute care, and perioperative settings, attending high-risk births and supporting the care of newborns who are preterm and may have cardiac and surgical medical needs. They educate and support patients and provide ROP screening of babies. Nurses (Neonatal/Obstetrics) work collaboratively with Obstetricians, Paediatricians, medical specialists, midwives, patients and families. They provide postnatal care to newborns and mothers, assist in coordinating follow up care and connection to services, and facilitate outreach and outpatient clinics. To work in this area, Nurses are required to be registered, with some employers requesting experience in Neonatal Critical Care Units and post graduate qualifications in neonatology.

Nurses (Gynaecology/Fertility) work in Gynaecology, fertility, and women’s health clinics. They provide patient education and counselling, pregnancy and STI testing, contraception, cervical screening and other Nursing care related to managing women’s health. In fertility clinics they provide ongoing management of patient treatment cycles, including IVF, IUI and ovulation induction, and other follicle tracking and embryo transfer support. They work closely with patients and medical specialists.